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Juicing is often associated with "detoxing" or "cleansing," whether for weight loss or wellness. According to the 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans, fruits and vegetables are associated with a reduced risk of many chronic diseases, including heart disease and certain types of cancers. However, few Americans meet the daily recommended fruit and vegetable intake. Is juice a good way to improve intake? Do trendy cold-pressed juices really boost energy and cure disease? Which claims have merit, and what role can juice play in a healthy diet? EN looks at the pros and cons.
Pro: Getting more produce. "Most people do not consume nearly enough fruit. A combination of whole fruit and 100 percent fruit juice is the most effective way to meet the fruit shortfall, without paying more," says
Con: Lack of fiber. While drinking your fruits and vegetables is a convenient way to reach your daily produce goals, eating whole fruits and veggies, with their intact fiber, will likely leave you more satisfied. When you eat a piece of whole fruit, its intact fiber slows digestion of the natural sugars. When you drink juice, you get sugar without fiber to slow it down.
Pro: Better diet quality. Drinking 100 percent fruit juice is associated with improved diet quality in children and adults, particularly with making sure children, adolescents and teens get enough of key nutrients like vitamins A and C, potassium, folate and magnesium.
Con: Not all juices are equal. The term "juicing" refers to juice extraction from fruits and vegetables, but not all juices are created equal, and many are not 100 percent juice. Some are thinned or filtered, while juice "cocktails" or juice blends may contain one or more juices, with much of the sugar coming from added sugars. These types of juice don't offer as much nutrition as 100 percent juice or whole fruits and vegetables.
Pro: Phytonutrient boost. Along with vitamins and minerals, juice may give you a phytonutrient boost. Phytonutrients are compounds made by plants that have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory or other benefits for health. A 2015 study in Nutrients found that even 1/2-cup of Concord grape juice per day provides enough polyphenols (a type of phytonutrient) to reduce several risk factors for cardiovascular disease, including blood pressure.
Con: It's not "magic." Even though phytonutrients may also support our immune system, juice isn't a magic elixir for detoxing or boosting the immune system. The liver needs protein and adequate calories to transform toxins into a form that we can eliminate. Our intestines need fiber to speed that elimination. Also, our gut microbiota play a role in immunity, and those microbes feed on fiber.
Juicing healthfully
Like to juice at home or visit your local juice bar? Here's what you need to know:
• The peril of taking entire food groups off the table
Think supplemental. Use juicing to supplement your daily diet, not as your diet. Juice can be a great way to squeeze in additional vitamins and minerals, but it doesn't have the fiber, protein, and fat that are also essential for health.
• The peril of taking entire food groups off the table
Keep calories in check. Juice may be full of nutrients, but it still contains calories. How many calories are in your juice? That depends on what's in it, and the serving size. If you use vegetables in your juice blend, the calories will be lower than if you are drinking pure fruit juice.
• The peril of taking entire food groups off the table
Put vegetables first. When you juice fruit, you get all of the nutrients and all of the natural sugar, but none of the fiber, so the amount of sugar and calories per serving becomes more concentrated (more in a smaller amount). Juicing primarily vegetables like dark leafy greens, celery and cucumber, then adding a small amount of fruit, like apple or kiwi, or root vegetables (carrots or beets) for sweetness is the better way to go. A hint of lemon, lime, or ginger is a nice touch.
• The peril of taking entire food groups off the table
Don't ditch the fiber. When you juice, you don't get the fiber that's in whole fruits and vegetables, because juicing machines extract the juice and leave behind the fiber-rich pulp. If you juice at home, you can stir some of the pulp back into the juice or use it in cooking. Try adding fruit pulp to muffin batter, or use vegetable pulp when making broth, pasta sauce or casseroles.
The bottom line
Although fruit juice can be part of a healthy eating pattern, it is lower than whole fruit in dietary fiber and when consumed in excess can contribute extra calories. Therefore, aim to get at least half of your fruit servings from whole fruits. When you choose juice, choose 100 percent juice, without added sugars. Suggested daily fruit intake is 1 1/2 cups for women, 2 for men. For vegetables it's 2 to 2 1/2 cups for women and 2 1/2 to 3 cups for men.