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Jewish World Review
The biblical case against small-mindedness involved diminishing His precious prophet
By Rabbi Nathan Lopes Cardozo
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When the Divine taught humility and warned humanity against racism
http://www.JewishWorldReview.com |
Rabbi Samson Raphael Hirsch, one of the great Jewish leaders and thinkers of modern times, asks us to take notice of a strange incident that occurred in the days of Moses. After Moses left Egypt with a multitude of people, his father-in-law, Jethro, criticized him for the way he was arbitrating disputes among the Israelites:
What are you doing to the people? Why are you sitting alone and letting all the people stand around you from morning until evening? And Moses replied to his father-in-law: Because the people come to me to seek G0d. Whenever they have a problem, they come to me, and I judge between man and his neighbor, and I teach G0d's decrees and laws. And Moses's father-in-law said to him: What you are doing is not good. You are going to wear yourself out, along with this nation that is with you. (Exodus 18:14-18)
Jethro then suggested that Moses reform the existing legal system so that only the major problems would be brought to his personal attention while minor disputes would be decided on by a large number of wise people who would assist him. "It will make things easier for you, and they will share the burden. And Moses took his father-in-law's advice and did just as he said" (Ibid 18: 22-24).
Rabbi Hirsch poses a very simple question: Could Moses not have determined this himself? Did he not realize that he was exhausting himself and it would not be long before he could no longer cope with the situation? One does not have to be a genius to recognize the problem. Moreover, Jethro's suggested solution is basically a simple one and does not require any extensive judicial knowledge. So why did Moses, who possessed great wisdom, not think of this himself?
Before studying Rabbi Hirsch's comment we would like to pose another question. We are informed that at the end of Moses' life "His eyes had not dimmed and his vigor was unabated" (Deut. 34:7). His physical strength was beyond average, and indeed, we do not see that Moses ever got tired (except in the case of the Jews fighting Amalek, when his hands did become heavy (Exodus 17:12). It is therefore strange that Moses suddenly felt weary while judging the people. We would not have been surprised to read that Moses told his father-in-law not to worry, since no fatigue was troubling him and he could easily handle all those who came to see him.
Moses, however, made no such claims. Instead, he seemed most eager to implement Jethro's suggestion. We must therefore conclude that he did indeed feel extremely tired!
Our question, then, is obvious. Why did he suddenly feel weary? Would the man who was without food and water for forty days at the top of Mount Sinai not have been able to sit from early morning until late at night to judge the people without exhausting himself? Why did G0d suddenly deny him his usual though unprecedented strength?
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All this aside, we would suggest that G0d had good reason to make sure that Moses actually maintained his strength. As the great leader and teacher of Torah, Moses desperately needed to stay in contact with all of his people. The best way to accomplish this would be by guaranteeing that he would see them on a regular basis. Once he would no longer encounter all of them, they would become spiritually distanced from him, and he would be unable to teach them in the way he was used to. (Indeed, this seems to have happened after he implemented Jethro's advice!) So what were G0d's motives in causing Moses to suddenly feel tired?
We may now refer to Rabbi Hirsch's observation:
Nothing is so instructive to us as this information regarding the first legal institution of the Jewish State, coming immediately before the chapter of the Law-giving. So little was Moses in himself a legislative genius, he had so little talent for organizing that he had to learn the first elements of state organization from his father-in-law. The man who tired himself out to utter exhaustion and to whom of himself did not occur to arrange this or some other simple solution, equally beneficial to himself and his people, the man to whom it was necessary to have a Jethro to suggest this obvious device, that man could never have given a constitution and Laws out of his own head, that man was only and indeed just because of this the best and the most faithful instrument of the Divine.
In other words, Moses, in spite of his immeasurable talents and abilities, lacked basic insight into how to administer proper judicial process. G0d denied him this insight to prove to later generations that he could never have been a lawgiver and that the laws of the Torah were not the result of his superior mind.
We would like to suggest a second reason. G0d denied Moses his usual strength so as to allow one of the as of yet unchosen to come forward and give him advice! The Kabbalist Rabbi Chaim Ibn Attar, known as Ohr Hachaim, indeed alludes to this when he writes that the very reason why the Divine caused Jethro to come and visit the camp of the Israelites was to teach the Jewish people that although the Torah is the all-encompassing repository of wisdom, gentiles, while not obligated to observe all its laws, are fundamental to its success and application. There are areas in which Jews do not excel and where non-Jews are much more gifted. One such area seems to be judicial administration skills.
Judaism has never been afraid to admit that the gentile world incorporates much wisdom and insight. While Jews have to be a nation apart, this does not exclude its need to look beyond its own borders and benefit from the wisdom of outsiders.
"The gentile world may not possess Torah, but it definitely does possess wisdom." (Eichah Rabati 2:17)
It is this message that G0d sent to His people only a short while after He had delivered them from the hands of the Egyptians. Due to their experience in the land of their slavery, they had developed such animosity for anything gentile that they became utterly convinced that mankind at large was anti-Semitic. G0d immediately crushed that thought and sent them a righteous gentile by the name of Jethro, to impress upon them that the non-Jewish world includes remarkable people who not only posses much wisdom but actually love the people of Israel and contribute to Jewish life.
Moses' sudden weariness and the Almighty's decision to deny him his usual strength is therefore highly informative. The Jew may start to believe that he is self-sufficient and can do it all alone. This attitude, rooted in his conviction that all gentiles are anti-Semitic and therefore not to be relied on, could lead to not only total isolation but also an air of Jewish arrogance contrary to His will. By allowing Moses to become exhausted, the Divine made sure that he would indeed require the knowledge from somebody else.
At the same time, it kept Moses humble.
By designating Jethro to be the father-in-law of the most holy Jew of all times, the Divine made it crystal clear that He would not tolerate any racism and that even a righteous gentile could climb up to the highest ranks of saintliness. Only after that message was sent were the Jews ready to enter the land and start their life as an independent nation.
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To comment, please click here. JWR contributor Rabbi Dr. Nathan Lopes Cardozo is a world-renowned thinker, lecturer and ambassador for Judaism and the Jewish people. He is known for his original insights into how Judaism can rejuvenate itself, showing new ways to authentic religiosity. He is a sought-after lecturer on Judaism and Israel at numerous institutions of higher academic learning, including Jewish study programs at leading universities, religious academies and rabbinical colleges. Educated in Amsterdam, he received his rabbinical degree from Gateshead Talmudical College, studied at Yeshivat Mir in Jerusalem, and holds a doctorate in philosophy. Rabbi Cardozo is a distinguished member of the Portuguese and Spanish Jewish community and lives with his wife, children and grandchildren in Jerusalem.
© 2011, Rabbi Nathan Lopes Cardozo
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